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TECHNICAL PAPERS

# Effects of Platelet Size and Mean Volume Fraction on Platelet Orientation and Volume Fraction Distributions in Functionally Graded Material Fabricated by a Centrifugal Solid-Particle Method

[+] Author and Article Information
P. D. Sequeira

CIICS – Research Center on Interfaces and Surface Behavior, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Azurem, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal

Yoshimi Watanabe1

Department of Engineering Physics, Electronics and Mechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japanyoshimi@nitech.ac.jp

Hiroyuki Eryu, Tetsuya Yamamoto

Department of Functional Machinery and Mechanics, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan

Kiyotaka Matsuura

Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan

1

Corresponding author.

J. Eng. Mater. Technol 129(2), 304-312 (Jan 17, 2007) (9 pages) doi:10.1115/1.2712467 History: Received February 03, 2005; Revised January 17, 2007

## Abstract

Background. A centrifugal solid-particle method has been successfully used as a means to fabricate functionally graded materials (FGMs). Various processing parameters significantly influence the formation of the graded microstructural and properties distribution in these FGMs. Method of Approach. Alloys with different $Al3Ti$ platelet volume fractions and platelet sizes are used to study the effects of those parameters on graded distributions of the volume fraction and orientation of platelets. Al-platelet/plaster FGMs are used as a model system, and the effects of the same parameters are investigated. Results. It was found that an increase in initial volume fraction and particle size leads to steeper gradients of volume fraction and orientation distributions within the $Al-Al3Ti$ FGMs. The results of the experimental studies are compared to those of the model material. Conclusions. It was verified that, although with some limitations, the proposed model system will be useful in the study of the formation mechanisms of the graded distributions in the FGMs.

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Copyright © 2007 by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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## Figures

Figure 1

Schematic representation of the Al-Al3Ti functionally graded material

Figure 2

Schematic representation of the direct 3D orientation observation system

Figure 3

Schematic illustration of a platelike particle in the Cartesian coordinate system

Figure 4

Typical SEM micrographs of outer (upper) and inner (lower) regions. (a), (b), and (c) show specimens A, B, and C, respectively. Arrows indicate the direction of applied centrifugal force.

Figure 5

Distributions of the Al3Ti platelets in the FGMs fabricated by the centrifugal solid-particle method for specimens A, B, and C

Figure 6

The definition of the orientation angles, θ1, θ2, θ3

Figure 7

The orientation parameter of Al3Ti platelets in specimens A and C, initial volume fraction of Al3Ti platelets are 11% and 5.5%, respectively

Figure 8

The orientation parameter of Al3Ti platelets in specimens A and B. Al3Ti platelet sizes are 100μm and 500μm, respectively.

Figure 9

The orientation parameter of Al3Ti platelets on planes OP1 and OP2 estimated from measurements on plane OP3. Experimental data are also shown.

Figure 10

Comparison of the orientation angles on planes OP1, θ1,, and OP2, θ2

Figure 11

The effect of platelet size on the volume fraction gradient of Al-platelets. The applied G number and mean volume fraction were 30vol.% and 0.19vol.%, respectively.

Figure 12

The effect of mean volume fraction on the volume fraction gradient of Al-platelets. The applied G number was 30 and platelet size was 3mm×3mm×0.1mm, respectively.

Figure 13

The effect of platelet size on the orientation parameter gradient of Al-platelets. The applied G number and mean volume fraction were 30 and 0.19vol.%, respectively.

Figure 14

The effect of mean volume fraction on the orientation parameter gradient of Al-platelets. The applied G number was 30 and platelet size was 3mm×3mm×0.1mm, respectively.

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