https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4680-8289
ABSTRACT
The pressure aging vessel (PAV) protocol is adopted worldwide for quality control on any bitumen available. However, crumb rubber-modified binders (CRMB) produced by wet technology are nonhomogeneous materials in which rubber particles are dispersed into the bituminous matrix, and the interaction between the two constituents can be triggered at any time by increasing temperature. It is assumed that the PAV temperature is insufficient to trigger such interaction. This assumption has never been verified. If proven otherwise, any rheological measurement performed on the PAV-aged rubberized bitumen could be questionable because the material undergoes unrealistic physicochemical changes. This research aims to take the first step toward understanding the validity of this assumption and the need for the current PAV aging protocol to be modified for CRMBs. Rubber particles from end-of-life tires were embedded in the bitumen and subjected to five subsequent PAV aging cycles at 110°C, which is suitable for the climate in the Gulf region, including the United Arab Emirates. After each cycle, micro-computed tomography (CT) scans were used to evaluate the swelling of the rubber particles as a measure of interaction between rubber and bitumen. The PAV temperature was then reduced to 90°C and 70°C, and samples were subjected to the same micro-CT scan evaluation. Results showed that the temperature of the current PAV protocol (110°C) initiates the interaction at every aging cycle. Lower aging temperatures help reduce the magnitude of the interaction effects. A draft modification of the current PAV aging protocol is proposed by modifying the aging temperature to 70°C and extending the aging period to eight days. This change in the long-term laboratory aging procedure can better reflect the effects of aging (oxidation) by minimizing the influence of rubber swelling.
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